I. Overviews The anatomy of the uterus consists of the following 3 tissue layers : The inner layer: called the endometrium, is the most active layer and responds to cyclic ovarian hormone changes; the endometrium is highly specialized and is essential to menstrual and reproductive function. The middle layer: or myometrium, makes up most of the uterine volume and is the muscular layer, composed primarily of smooth muscle cells. The outer layer of the uterus: the serosa or perimetrium, is a thin layer of tissue made of epithelial cells that envelop the uterus. II. Gross Anatomy The uterus is a pear-shaped organ located in the female pelvis between the urinary bladder anteriorly and the rectum posteriorly (see the image below). The average dimensions are approximately 8 cm long, 5 cm across, and 4 cm thick, with an average volume between 80 and 200 mL. The uterus is divided into 3 main parts: the fundus, body, and cervix. Blood is provided ...
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