i. Definition Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder that causes your body to excrete too much protein in your urine. Nephrotic syndrome is usually caused by damage to the clusters of small blood vessels in your kidneys that filter waste and excess water from your blood. Nephrotic syndrome causes swelling (edema), particularly in your feet and ankles, and increases the risk of other health problems. Treatment for nephrotic syndrome includes treating the underlying condition that's causing it and taking medications. Nephrotic syndrome can increase your risk of infections and blood clots. Your doctor may recommend medications and dietary changes to prevent these and other complications of nephrotic syndrome. ii. Sign and Symptoms Signs and symptoms of nephrotic syndrome include: Severe swelling (edema), particularly around your eyes and in your ankles and feet Foamy urine, which may be caused by excess protein in your urine Weight gain due to excess fluid ret...
I. Overviews The anatomy of the uterus consists of the following 3 tissue layers : The inner layer: called the endometrium, is the most active layer and responds to cyclic ovarian hormone changes; the endometrium is highly specialized and is essential to menstrual and reproductive function. The middle layer: or myometrium, makes up most of the uterine volume and is the muscular layer, composed primarily of smooth muscle cells. The outer layer of the uterus: the serosa or perimetrium, is a thin layer of tissue made of epithelial cells that envelop the uterus. II. Gross Anatomy The uterus is a pear-shaped organ located in the female pelvis between the urinary bladder anteriorly and the rectum posteriorly (see the image below). The average dimensions are approximately 8 cm long, 5 cm across, and 4 cm thick, with an average volume between 80 and 200 mL. The uterus is divided into 3 main parts: the fundus, body, and cervix. Blood is provided ...
I.Overview Kawasaki disease causes inflammation in the walls of medium-sized arteries throughout the body. It primarily affects children. The inflammation tends to affect the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart muscle. Kawasaki disease is sometimes called mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome because it also affects lymph nodes, skin, and the mucous membranes inside the mouth, nose and throat. II.Sign and Symptoms Kawasaki disease symptoms usually appear in three phases. 1st phase Signs and symptoms of the first phase may include: A fever that is often is higher than 102.2 F (39 C) and lasts more than three days Extremely red eyes (conjunctivitis) without a thick discharge A rash on the main part of the body (trunk) and in the genital area Red, dry, cracked lips and an extremely red, swollen tongue (strawberry tongue) Swollen, red skin on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet Swollen lymph nodes in the neck and perhaps elsewhere Irritability ...
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